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Poseidon carried a three-pointed spear called a trident. Fish and dolphins always swam along beside the sea god’s chariot. It was pulled by strange beasts that were half-horse and half-snake. He was also the god of earthquakes and horses. Hades ruled the Underworld, the world of the dead. Zeus was the strongest and wisest of the three and ruled over the earth. The brothers Zeus, Hades, and Poseidon were the most important gods of all. He wrote a famous oath that is still spoken by doctors today.

The Athenian Hippocrates is said to be the father of medicine.

The Parthenon once held a large statue of Athena. The ruins of its most famous temple, the Parthenon, are still standing today.

Athenians created some of the world’s most beautiful buildings.

The world’s first historians, Herodotus and Thucydides, lived in Athens.

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the city’s most famous philosophers.

Some of history’s greatest thinkers were Athenian.

Those plays were performed in an open-air theater.

Athenians wrote the world’s first plays, both comedies and tragedies.

Athenians turned their city into the world’s first democracy.

Inspired by their tales about Athena’s wisdom, Athens became a center of civilization.

Athenians did their best to make their city live up to its name.

Here are some historical facts about the city of Athens: Today it’s the capital and the largest city of Greece. Athens became one of the greatest cities of all time. With Athena’s help, their city grew to be strong and wealthy. But the Athenians weren’t bothered very much. Poseidon left in a huff, causing a serious flood on his way. Not only did they choose Athena to watch over them, they named the city after her. The citizens liked Athena’s gift better than Poseidon’s. And oil made out of the olives was useful for cooking. Better still, the tree’s little green fruits, called “olives,” were delicious. Its wood was good both for building houses and for heating those houses in winter. She explained that it was a special tree-an olive tree. When she hit the ground with her spear, a tree magically grew up within seconds. It was saltwater, which is impossible to drink. But then Athena told them to taste the water. They could become the most powerful people on earth. He said that they could travel everywhere.

Poseidon told the people to build ships to sail to the sea.

The water turned into a river that flowed into the sea. Poseidon struck the ground with his three-pointed spear, and water poured out. To impress the city’s citizens, the two gods gave them gifts. Once the people of a new city were looking for a god to watch over and protect them. For one thing, they were often rivals over one thing or another. She was often seen with an owl, so owls became a symbol of wisdom.Īthena didn’t get along with the sea god Poseidon.

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She also taught them how to think clearly and live well. As you might guess about a woman in armor, she was a great warrior.Īthena was also a goddess of wisdom. She was completely dressed in armor, as she always would be.

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When it came time for Athena to be born, she sprang full grown out of Zeus’s head. Older gods had warned Zeus that he would be in trouble if Metis gave birth to a daughter. Her mother was a mortal woman named Metis. Zeus, the father of gods and goddesses, was also Athena’s father.